Land mammals became more common in the Quaternary period, which came after the Neogene, so the first statement is not true.
FIrst whales evolved 50 million years ago and the quaternary period began 2,6 years ago, so the first whales did not evolve during this period.
The quarternary period is famous for its ice ages, so the Earth did not heat up during this period.
There was indeed a rise in the ocean levels during the Neogene period, so this is a true statement
<h2>Diffuse co-evolution </h2>
Explanation:
The term ‘diffuse co-evolution’ was given by Janzen in 1980 to describe the idea that selection on traits often reflects the actions of many community members, as opposed to pairwise interactions between species
The idea was further clarified by Gould in 1988 by focusing on a variety of ecological and genetic mechanisms that might lead to diffuse co-evolution in response to selection from multiple species
Diffuse co-evolution as a whole can be defined as when selection imposed reciprocally by one species on another is dependent on the presence or absence of other species
In the given example panic grass can live only when the fungus protuberata is present and for Curvularia protuberata to colonize Curvularia thermal tolerance virus must be present so there is a web of multiple species where one species is dependent on other species and that other species in turn is dependent on different species hence referred to as diffuse co-evolution
The roots of the trees keeps the soil in place
