Answer:
<u>C) They may provide selective advantages.
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<u>D) Slight differences in the genetic code may have significant results.</u>
Explanation:
The genetic code is universal, and present in most living beings . Generally, in most living organisms, the same codons are assigned to the same amino acids.
DNA sequences make up genes that may have multiple variants, called alleles. DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into amino acids that form proteins.
Natural selection mainly acts on phenotypes, which are dependent on proteins and the organisms's environment. Phenotypes conferring advantageous traits are favored by the selection process- these help groups of organisms evolve over time.
Answer: Four amino acids.
Explanation:
RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are polymers made up of long chains of nucleotides. Thus, a nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids and consists of a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) linked to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. <u>The nitrogenous bases can be Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) or Uracil (U) replacing T in RNA</u>. DNA is the molecule that stores the genetic information to synthesize polypeptides or proteins (set of amino acids). When proteins need to be created, DNA is transcribed into RNA and this RNA is translated in ribosomes to create polypeptides.
Complementarity is the ability to combine with their complement. A and T (or U) are complementary, while C and G are complementary to each other. Complementarity is the principle of replication and transcription, because it is a propery of both DNA and RNA sequences. Their the nucleotide bases at each position of the sequences are complementary, allowing cells to copy information.
Nucleotides in RNA are grouped into codons, which consist of groups of 3 nucleotides where each codon codes for an amino acid. Therefore, <u>the sequence of bases in nucleic acids determines which protein will be synthesized</u>. Protein synthesis begins with a start codon (AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine) and ends with a stop codon (UGA, UAG and UAA). So, if there are 15 nucleotides, there are 15 bases. Since they are grouped in groups of 3, we will have a polypeptide of 4 amino acids.
<u>3 nucleotides form a codon, so 12 nucleotides form 4 codons giving 4 amino acids. The last codon, is formed by the last 3 nucleotides and form the stop codon that stop protein synthesis</u>.
Impact of the use of fossil fuels during the industrial revolution was it made possible a huge increase in the amount of productive energy available to humans.
The development of machines, including steam engines and the internal combustion engine, made it possible to exploit vast new resources of energy stored in fossil fuels, specifically coal and oil. The fossil fuels revolution greatly increased the energy available to human societies during industrial revolution.
Contrary to this fossil fuel have some disadvantages like when fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the air. Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere, causing global warming.
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Answer:The term "disease" refers to conditions that impair normal tissue function. For example, cystic fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and measles are all considered diseases. However, there are fundamentally different causes for each of these diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is due to a specific genotype that results in impaired transport of chloride ions across cell membranes, leading to the production of abnormally thick mucus. Thus, CF is most accurately called a genetic or metabolic disease. Atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes, may be considered a disease of aging, because it typically becomes a problem later in life after plaques of cholesterol have built up and partially blocked arteries. In contrast, measles is an infectious disease because it occurs when an individual contracts an outside agent, the measles virus. An infectious disease is a disease that is caused by the invasion of a host by agents whose activities harm the host's tissues (that is, they cause disease) and can be transmitted to other individuals (that is, they are infectious).
