Answer:
The time elapses until the boat is first at the trough of a wave is 4.46 seconds.
Explanation:
Speed of the wave, v = 59 km/h = 16.38 m/s
Wavelength of the wave, 
If f is the frequency of the wave. The frequency of a wave is given by :

The time period of the wave is given by :

We need to find the time elapses until the boat is first at the trough of a wave. So, the time will be half of the time period of the wave.

Hence, this is the required solution.
Answer:
Refraction is an effect that occurs when a light wave, incident at an angle away from the normal, passes a boundary from one medium into another in which there is a change in velocity of the light. The wavelength decreases as the light enters the medium and the light wave changes direction.
Explanation:
The layers form from sand dunes