At time
seconds, the mass has angular speed

and hence linear speed

After 8 s, its linear speed is

and has centripetal acceleration with magnitude

To maintain this linear speed, by Newton's second law the required centripetal force should have magnitude

Essentially, an increase in mass means an increase in gravity, while a decrease in mass means a decrease in gravity. So if the Sun spontaneously lost half its mass (gasp, shudder, the horror!) then its gravitational pull on Earth would lessen as well, ultimately changing the very nature of our orbit around the Sun.
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Answer:
i) acceleration from B to D is 0, because the velocity is constant (stays the same)
ii) whatever units of distathat might be, we can calculate the number:
for 4 time-steps (2 to 6) the velocity is 6 per time step, that makes 24 distance units in these 4 time steps. it's the same the area underneath the graph.
there is also the vertical line from 0 to 2. we can calculate that distance like the area of a triangle with 2*6 / 2 = 6
the total distance from 0 to D is therefore 30
Fc=mv^2/r so we get
2000kg*(25m/s)^2/(80m)= 15625N of force
hope this helps! Thank You!!