Theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin explains the moth appearance in England. The theory of genetics describes this as a mere shift of trait due to environmental factors.
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Peppered moths are the moths found in England from a long time ago. The environment before the industrial revolution was pure and pollution free, which led to the growth of the white variety of moths as they were able to camouflage better with the bark of the trees from their hunters. The white trait were the parents, and fertilization between the two recessive traits gave rise to the recessive traits only.
But with the industrial revolution, the pollution increased to a huge extent, leading to deposition of smokes and soot on trees bark where white variety of the white moths got easily recognizable. This led to the black moths which now can camouflage better. Thus the nature selected black variety over white variety for better survival, and the white variety reduced dramatically.
The chromosomes become more compact and tightly coiled. They are ready to separate. :)
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Answer:DNA has three types of chemical component: phosphate, a sugar called deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Two of the bases, adenine and guanine, have a double-ring structure characteristic of a type of chemical called a purine.
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The researcher centred on the potential uses of biochar, charcoal primarily used for agricultural and to improve the quality of post mining sites.
A method called mountaintop removal was used by mining firms. This means that they remove rock and mineral deposits off the top of the mountain to gain access to within the coal seams. The resulting soil is infertile and strongly acidic.
The compacted soil after mine proves harder to bring seed into the soil.
The researchers try to use biochar to help reforest the soil at the post-mining site. Before it was reseeded and replanted, they got permission to add a layer of biochar to a post-mining site. the team created
“planting cells” of biochar‐enhanced soil on the post‐mining site and that showed improvment in the sapling growth.
Antibiotic used include kenamycin, ampicillin and tetracycline. This is useful to determine if and which bacteria took up the plasmid as they were supposed to during the process of recombination. Host bacteria are normally killed by these antibiotics. If the recombinant plasmids were taken up by the bacteria, plasmid may have contained a DNA gene for resisting the effects of one or more antibiotics. Host bacteria are placed in a growth medium containing an antibiotic to which they have a resistant gene in their recombinant plasmid DNA survivor. If they havent taken the plasmid they die.
