Answer:
a. Covalent modification = Seconds to minutes
b. Allosteric control = Milliseconds
c. Gene expression = Hours
Explanation:
Covalent modifications refer to the addition and/or removal of chemical groups by the action of particular enzymes such as methylases, acetylases, phosphorylases, phosphatases, etc. For example, histones are chromatin-associated proteins covalently modified by enzymes that add methyl groups (histone methylation), acetyl groups (histone acetylation), phosphate groups (histone phosphorylation), etc. Moreover, allosteric control, also known as allosteric regulation, is a type of regulation of the enzyme activity by binding an effector molecule (allosteric modulator) at a different site than the enzyme's active site, thereby triggering a conformational change on the enzyme upon binding of an effector. Finally, gene expression encompasses the cellular processes by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins (i.e., transcription >> translation). In metabolic pathways, enzymes that are able to catalyze irreversible reactions represent sites of control (for example, during glycolysis, pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes an irreversible reaction, thereby serving as a control site). In turn, enzymatic activity is modulated by covalent modifications or reversible binding of allosteric effectors. Finally, metabolic pathways are also modulated by gene regulatory mechanisms that control the transcription of specific enzymes required for such pathways. During these processes, the times required for allosteric regulation, covalent modification (e.g., phosphorylation) and transcriptional control can be counted in milliseconds, seconds, and hours, respectively.
Answer:
304.13 mph
Explanation:
Data provided in the question :
The Speed of the flying aircraft = 300 mph
Tailwind of the true airspeed = 50 mph
Now,
The ground speed will be calculated as:
ground speed = 
or
The ground speed = 
or
The ground speed = 304.13 mph
Hence, the ground speed is 304.13 mph
Answer:
hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question
A) optimum compressor ratio = 9.144
B) specific thrust = 2.155 N.s /kg
C) Thrust specific fuel consumption = 1670.4 kg/N.h
Explanation:
Given data :
Mo = 2.1 , To = 220k , Tt4 = 1700 k, hpr = 42000 kj/kg, Cp = 1.004 kj/ kg.k
γ = 1.4
attached below is the detailed solution