Under strongly acidic conditions aldoses become oxidised to dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids
<h3>
What are aldaric acids?</h3>
The formula for aldaric acids is HOOC-(CHOH)n-COOH, and they are a kind of sugar acids in which the sugars' terminal hydroxyl and carbonyl groups have been substituted by terminal carboxylic acids.
Aldoses are often oxidised with nitric acid to produce aldaric acids. The open-chain (polyhydroxyaldehyde) form of the sugar interacts in this reaction.
Aldoses that have both the hydroxyl function of the terminal carbon and the aldehyde function of the first carbon completely oxidised to carboxylic acid functions are referred to as aldaric acids. (Aldonic acid is produced by oxidising just the aldehyde, whereas uronic acid is produced by oxidising only the terminal hydroxyl group.) Like unoxidized sugars, aldaric acids cannot produce cyclic hemiacetals, but they occasionally can form lactose.
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Answer:
1. gaining kinetic. 2. most kinetic. 3. gaining potential 4. most potential.
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Explanation:
Answer:
When dissolved in water, acids donate hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ions are hydrogen atoms that have lost an electron and now have just a proton, giving them a positive electrical charge. ... The H+ ions in the acid join with and are neutralized by the OH- ions of the base to form H2O.
Nitrogen could form 3 covalent bonds if each of its unpaired electrons participates in one bond.
Nitrogen atom forms 3 bonds based on octet rule, because it has 5 valence electrons. That means it needs 3 bonds or three more electrons.
<h3>Further Explanation;</h3><h3>Chemical bond </h3>
- A bond is a type of force that is formed between atoms of different through the sharing or transfer of electrons.
<h3>Octet rule</h3>
- According to the octet rule for an atom to be stable it must have maximum number of electrons in its outermost energy level. Therefore an atom with four electrons requires four more electrons to attain stability.
<h3>Types of chemical bonds.</h3><h3>Covalent bond </h3>
- This is a type of bond that is formed between non-metal atoms. It is formed as a result of sharing electrons between non-metal atoms involved.
- When atoms involved contribute equal number of electrons to the bond formation, the type of bond is known as covalent bond
- A covalent bond may be a dative covalent bond, when the shared electrons come from one atom.
<h3>Ionic bond </h3>
- This is a type of bond that occurs between metal ions and non-metal ions. Ionic bond occurs as a result of transfer of electrons from one metal atom to another non-metal atom.
- After the transfer of electrons, metal atom loses electron to form a cation while the non-metal atom gains electrons to form an anion.
<h3>
Other types of chemical bonds include;</h3>
- Hydrogen bonds
- Metallic bonds
- Dipole-dipole interactions, etc.
Keywords: Chemical bond, covalent bond, atom
<h3>Learn more about:</h3>
Level: High school
Subject: Chemistry
Topic: structure and bonding
Sub-topic: Covalent bond
