The rest of it is used up as unwanted energy or wasted energy in forms of:
.heat
.noise
Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Part c)

Explanation:
Part a)
As we know that the gravitational force is given as

so we will have to find the ratio of force on two planets due to star
so here we have



Part b)
Orbital speed is given as

so the ratio of two orbital speed is given as


Part c)
Time period is given as

so the ratio of two time period is given as



Since acceleration is constant, we can use the formula
v² - u² = 2a ∆x
where v = final velocity, u = initial velocity, a = acceleration, and ∆x = displacement. Then
0² - (20.0 m/s)² = 2 (-4.20 m/s²) ∆x
⇒ ∆x = (20.0 m/s)² / (8.40 m/s²) ≈ 47.6 m