Machiavelli's audience for "The Prince" was the Medici family that ruled Florence, from whom he was trying to garner favor.
The King of England was doing it and he was putting them on everything.
I believe that the correct answers are 1, 2, 4, and 5. The only incorrect option is 3.
They had beef about one of them not paying and they declared war.
Because they created large powerful armies to enforce the law.
