The merging of firms results in the market being served by only three or four firms selling this same product would lead to a decrease in market output and an increase in the price of the product. This is oligopoly
Initially if it is perfectly competitive it is almost impossible for other firms to enter. Now as it is said that if they do enter and they ultimately sell the same product they don't have any control on the price of the product. This is sometimes known as oligopoly, and they try to replace the product with close substitutes.
Oligopoly- An oligopoly is a market structure in which a small number of large sellers or producers dominate a market or industry. Oligopolies are frequently the result of a desire to maximize profits, which can lead to collusion among companies.
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The answer is B.
A chart is not the same as a Venn Diagram.
The value created by firms in the form of goods and services are distributed among various economic entities that consume them such as private consumers, government etc. But a closed circular flow diagram does not depict the other external values created. For example, a private college is a firm that produces education or provides education as a service to individuals who pay for it. This has a positive externality on society since these students can later teach others in society. Also firms produce under certain conditions and surveillance.
Firms can gain a certain control over society by studying the elasticities of demand. Also, firms generate certain expectations regarding wages and other social benefits. On the other hand, firms are controlled by governmental policies such as minimum wage laws, pricing laws etc. Such policies bind the full potential output if the potential output is not in confluence with social goals or maximization of social welfare.
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Policy makers can pinpoint the economic outcomes of their policies
Answer: B. 7%; 2%
Explanation:
0ver the past 100 years, stocks have showed a positive average return of 7% whilst bonds have shown a return of 2%. This makes sense because stocks generally offer higher returns than bonds which are fixed.
Stocks react to a variety of factors including interest rates and market fluctuations which makes them more risky whereas bonds which are fixed income securities are more stable in their returns making them less of a risk.
Stocks therefore offer a higher return to compensate for this risk as opposed to bonds.
