33x I think sorry if I am wrong
Answer:
A. Valid
Step-by-step explanation:
The P-value is the probability of getting this result or sample statistic if the null hypothesis is true. That is why a low P-value (smaller than the significance level) is considered evidence to reject the null hypothesis, because the result has little probability of being due to chance.
The statement that the P-value is "the probability of getting results as extreme as or more extreme than the ones in this study if the drug is actually not effective" is valid, as the null hypothesis states generally the opposite of the objective of the study (demonstrate that the drug is effective), and the very low value of the P-value is indicative that this result, if the drug was not effective, has a very low probability.
The rate defines how much the portion is of the base.
