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Alik [6]
3 years ago
8

Lupe and her friends spend $20 on hot dogs and popcorn at a

Mathematics
1 answer:
vodomira [7]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

They buy 6 hotdogs and 5 popcorn

Step-by-step explanation:

Assume that they buy x hotdogs and y popcorn

∵ They buy a total of 11 hotdogs and popcorn

∵ The number of hotdogs is x and the number of popcorn is y

∴ x + y = 11 ⇒ (1)

∵ Hot dogs cost $2.50 each

∵ Popcorn costs $1.00 each

∵ They spend $20 on hot dogs and popcorn

→ Multiply x by 2.5 and y by 1, add the products and equate the sum by 20

∴ 2.5(x) + 1(y) = 20

∴ 2.5x + y = 20 ⇒ (2)

Now we have a system of equations to solve it

→ Subtract equation (1) from equation (2)

∵ (2.5x - x) + (y - y) = (20 - 11)

∴ 1.5x + 0 = 9

∴ 1.5x = 9

→ Divide both sides by 1.5 to find x

∴ x = 6

→ Substitute the value of x in equation (1) to find y

∵ 6 + y = 11

→ Subtract 6 from both sides

∴ 6 - 6 + y = 11 - 6

∴ y = 5

∴ They buy 6 hotdogs and 5 popcorn

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Starting with some solution of volume <em>v</em> and an alcohol concentration of 100<em>c </em>% , if you add 180 mL of 45% isopropyl to it, you get a mixture with a total volume of 180 mL + <em>v</em>.

Each mL of the starting solution contains <em>c</em> mL of alcohol. For example, if the concentration of the starting solution is 80% (so <em>c</em> = 0.8), then each mL contains 80% = 0.8 of one mL of alcohol.

Similarly, each mL of the added solution with 45% concentration contains 0.45 mL of alcohol.

You want the new solution to have a concentration of 70%, so that the ratio of the amount of alcohol in it to the total volume is 70%, meaning

<em>cv</em> + 0.45 (180 mL) = 0.7 (180 mL + <em>v</em>)

and you want to solve for <em>v</em> :

<em>cv</em> + 81 mL = 126 mL + 0.7<em>v</em>

<em>cv</em> - 0.7<em>v</em> = 126 mL - 81 mL

(<em>c</em> - 0.7) <em>v</em> = 45 mL

<em>v</em> = (45 mL) / (<em>c</em> - 0.7)

Judging by context clues, <em>c</em> lies somewhere between 0.7 and 1. (It can't be less than 0.7 because mixing this solution with any other solution of smaller concentration will never yield a solution of higher concentration.)

If, for example, <em>c</em> = 0.8, so that your starting solution is at 80% concentration, then you would need

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<em>v</em> = (45 mL) / (1 - 0.7) = 150 mL

to make a 180 mL + 150 mL = 330 mL batch of 70% solution. The fact that you would need less of a higher concentration solution is not surprising.

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