Answer:
Block adenosine-inducted inhibition in the brain
Explanation: Caffeine is a most widely used psychoactive drug and it is a direct adenosine antagonist.
This is an example of the placebo effect.
The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon in which a placebo (a fake cure or treatment) improves a person's health and well-being simply because the person believes that it will be effective. In this instance, the placebo that Sonja's therapist gave her was probably a sugar pill (with no active ingredient). Since Sonja has faith in medication, her belief in the ability of the "anti-anxiety" pills caused her recovery.
According to the AICPA recommendations, tax policy should adhere to the neutrality principle. This implies that the influence of tax regulations on taxpayer choice should be minimized.
<h3>What is
AICPA?</h3>
The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants has more than 428,000 members worldwide. (AICPA) is the main professional association for CPAs in the United States. The American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA), which was founded in 1887, is the body that establishes moral guidelines and American auditing standards. Furthermore, it creates and evaluates the Uniform CPA Examination. New York City, Washington, DC, Durham, NC, and Ewing, NJ all house offices for the AICPA. The American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA), which gave rise to both the AICPA and its predecessors, was established in 1887. Over the years, the Association's name has undergone various modifications, including Institute of Public Accountants (1916), American Institute of Accountants (1917), and American Society of Public Accountants (current) (1921),
To learn more about AICPA, visit:
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Gamblers and fisherman sometimes have a difficult time controlling their need to gamble and fish, respectively, because of the <u>Variable-ratio </u>schedule of reinforcement.
Explanation:
A schedule of reinforcement is part of operant conditioning which states about instances when a behavior will be reinforced, whether with each time, or none at all.
Reinforcements (positive or negative) aim to strengthen a behavior. Variable-ration schedule is a part of partial reinforcement which leads response to be reinforced only at part of the time.
Variable-ratio schedule occurs when a reinforcement results in a steady response rate with reinforcements after an unpredictable number of responses, like after 2, 4, 5, 9 and so on.
When a gambler gambles the first time, he/she may not win; the second time also none; so decides to quit and leave but finally decides to play one last time and wins at that time. This win reinforces him/her to gamble again. The same thing happens with fishermen also when they cannot fish for the first few attempts but finally succeeds which will make them to do fishing again.
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