Do you mean what? I would say disease, the natives have never came in contact with those sicknesses so they died out fast because of how weak their immune systems were.
Juan Orlando Hernández is the current president
European imperialism affected Japan. Japan saw that it had to be modern if it wanted to be a world power. Japan became an industrialized nation, and eventually it became a world power. Japan has been able to learn from the power of the western empire.
Hope it helps!