Answer:
The receptor senses changes in the environment and responds by sending information (input) to the control center along the ascending pathway. The control center analyzes the input, determines the appropriate response, and activates the effector by sending information along the descending pathway. When the response causes the initial stimulus to decline, the homeostatic mechanism is referred to as a negative feedback mechanism. When the response enhances the initial stimulus, the mechanism is called a positive feedback mechanism. Negative feedback, mechanisms are much more common in the body.
Explanation:
Homeostasis is the adaptation of living organisms or systems to new conditions in the environment by auto-regulation. Through this mechanism, an equilibrium state can be maintained in spite of any changes. This adjustment in the physiological system is called <em>homeostatic regulation</em> and it is composed of three parts: the receptor, the control center, and the effector.
The receptors receive information from the environment about something changing and transmit that information to the central nervous system (control center). This pathway is defined as the ascending pathway. Information is processed in the control center which handles many sensory signals, evaluates them, compares them and uses them for decision making. After that, an efferent neuron is stimulated to carry information from the central nervous system to the effector cells of the target organ. The effector may be muscle or glandular tissue. This pathway is defined as the descending pathway. Finally, the target organ responds.
There is negative feedback when the response declines the initial stimulus, which is the <u>most common mechanism</u> in the body. There is positive feedback when the response enhances the initial stimulus, which might be very nocive to the organism.
DNA is made up of polymers and monomers, or nucleotides which have four parts, A, T, G , and C. Transcription is the process when DNA is copied to mRNA. That carries the information for protein synthesis. Translation is the process when ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process transcription.
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Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
They are unsuitable because eukaryotic proteins before they are synthesized through transcription giving rise to mRNA and translation to proteins undergo various modifications such as splicing (removal of introns and joinimg of the exons) etc due to the presence of introns in the eukaryotic genome which is absent in bacteria.
Thus, bacteria does not have machinery that will perform this functions as it has little to no introns and the products do not have to undergo modifications like eukaryotic genome.
Thus, without this, some functional proteins will not be expressed using the bacteria expression system.
<h3><u>Answer and explanation;</u></h3>
- DNA is a double stranded molecule. Covalent and hydrogen bonds pray important roles in the functioning of DNA molecules.
- <em><u>Covalent bonds occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the nucleotide bases, sugars, and phosphate groups occurring both within each component and between components.</u></em>
- <em><u> Hydrogen bonds occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing.</u></em>
- Hydrogen bonds helps the complementary base pairs in DNA; guanine with cytosine and adenine with thymine to connect to one another. The hydrogen bonds between these complementary pairs helps keep the two strands of DNA helix together.
