An increase in temperature typically increases the rate of reaction. An increase in temperature will raise the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules. Therefore, a greater proportion of molecules will have the minimum energy necessary for an effective collision (Figure. 17.5 “Temperature and Reaction Rate”).
GreaterSurfaceArea
The rate of a chemical reaction can be raised by increasing the surface area of a solid reactant. ... more particles are exposed to the other reactant. there are more collisions. the rate of reaction increases.
Catalysts
A catalyst is a substance that can be added to a reaction to increase the reaction rate without getting consumed in the process. Catalysts typically speed up a reaction by reducing the activation energy or changing the reaction mechanism.
In general, negative selection eliminates from the population very harmful changes to proteins that kill or stop reproduction. ... The authors also found a correlation between genes predicted to be under negative selection and genes implicated in certain hereditary diseases
