Bony fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal.
define amphibian ?
Amphibians are four-limbed, ectothermic animals that belong to the class Amphibia. The phylum Lissamphibia includes every extant amphibian. They live in a broad range of habitats, with the majority of species being found in freshwater aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, or arboreal settings. Therefore, amphibians normally begin their lives as aquatic larvae, but certain species have evolved behavioural adaptations to get around this.
The young typically transition from a larval stage with gills to an adult form with lungs. Some tiny terrestrial salamanders and frogs rely solely on their skin for respiration, whereas amphibians use their skin as a supplementary respiratory surface. Although they resemble lizards on the surface, reptiles, like mammals and birds, are amniotes and do not need bodies of water to survive.
Bony fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal.
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Answer:
a. + glucose, + lactose = On
b. - glucose, - lactose = Off
c. + glucose, - lactose = Off
d. - glucose, + lactose = On
Explanation:
Lac operon has both types of control, repressible and inducible.
Whenever glucose level is low in the cell, an enzyme known as adenylyl cyclase raises the level of cAMP which forms a dimer with CRP protein and they both act as activator of lac operon and cause expression.
Apart from this, when lactose is present in the cell, β-galactosidase enzyme metabolizes lactose to form allolactose which causes allosteric repulsion in the lac repressor and causes its removal from the operator. As soon as repressor is removed lac operon gets activated.
In wild type lac operons, the expression of lac operon occurs when glucose level is low in the cell and lactose is present but in this mutant presence or absence of glucose will not make a difference because CRP will bind Plac promoter independent of cAMP level i.e. activator CRP will work even in high glucose concentration. If lactose is present then lac operon will always express so in option 'a & d' lac operon will express but in option 'b & c' it will not express.
Answer:
i almost can see the thning
Explanation:
Answer:
When the virus enters a living cell (a human cell, if the virus infects humans, or a bacterial cell, if the virus infects bacteria) it reprograms that cell and turns the cell into a virus factory. Adaptive Immunity: All organisms have different types of immunity to protect themselves against infection.
While both can cause disease, viruses are not living organisms, whereas bacteria are. Viruses are only "active" within host cells which they need to reproduce, while bacteria are single-celled organisms that produce their own energy and can reproduce on their own.
As you might think, bacterial infections are caused by bacteria, and viral infections are caused by viruses. Perhaps the most important distinction between bacteria and viruses is that antibiotic drugs usually kill bacteria, but they aren't effective against viruses.
Some bacteria help to digest food, destroy disease-causing cells, and give the body needed vitamins. Bacteria are also used in making healthy foods like yogurt and cheese. But infectious bacteria can make you ill. They reproduce quickly in your body.
Answer:
A population that is becoming less diverse because of its individuals tending to be larger is most likely experiencing directional selection. The individuals that are larger are more favoured in the population, thus becoming less diverse.
Explanation:
