Answer:
Answer is option (2) and (4).
Prokaryotes that obtain both energy and carbon as they decomposes dead organisms - heterotroph and chemotroph.
Explanation:
(1) Autotrophs or Producers - Organisms that produce their own food and get the energy to make food from inorganic sources or sunlight. They are the base level of the energy pyramid of an ecosystem. The existence of all other organisms depends on autotrophs as they provide fuel for others. Examples of autotrophs are green algae, all plants, photosynthetic bacteria, etc.
(2) Heterotrophs or Consumers - Organisms that consume autotrophs or other heterotrophs since they cannot produce their own food. They absorb nutrition from other organic carbon sources such as plant or animal matter. The examples of heterotrophs are fungi, all animals, many protists and bacteria.
(3) Phototrophs - Organisms that capture photons from light and convert it to chemical energy to carry out different cellular processes.
- Photoautotrophs (holophytic organisms) are autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide and water are converted into organic compounds (glucose) using energy from sunlight. Plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria are examples.
- Photoheterotrophs depend on sunlight for their energy and produce ATP through photophosphorylation. Their source of carbon is organic compounds such as carbohydrates, fatty acids, etc obtained from the environment and do not rely on carbon dioxide. Examples include green non-sulfur bacteria, purple non-sulfur bacteria, heliobacteria, etc.
(4) Chemotrophs - Organisms that obtain energy by breaking down or oxidation of organic or inorganic molecules such as ammonia, carbohydrates, molecular hydrogen, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, ferrous iron, etc through chemosynthesis.
- Chemoautotrophs synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide using the energy derived from chemical reactions. Most of them are found in deep water environments that receive no sunlight. Cyanobacteria, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, iron-oxidizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, etc are examples.
- Chemoheterotroph uses inorganic or organic energy sources as they can not synthesize their own organic compounds. Chemolithoheterotroph uses inorganic energy sources (sulfur, ferrous iron, etc) and chemoorganoheterotroph uses organic energy sources (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, etc). Examples of chemoheterotrophs include most fungi and animals.
Answer:
d. Under normal circumstances, each chromosome contains precisely one gene.
Explanation:
The gene is a segment of a DNA molecule, responsible for genetically inherited traits. Each gene consists of a specific DNA sequence that contains a code (instructions) to produce a protein that performs a specific function in the body. Each human cell has about 25,000 genes.
The genes are located within the chromosomes. A chromosome can house thousands of genes, it is not normal for a chromosome to house a gene or a few units. Thus, if a cell contains 46 chromosomes, that cell has an incalculable number of genes.
Answer:
It is a common condition that includes overgrowth of atypical bacteria in the vagina
Explanation:
It is characterized by vaginal discharge that is when a fluid flows out from the vaginal opening with an abnormal odor or consistency and sometimes pain, the normal microflora of the female reproductive organs includes Gardenella, lactobacillus, Bacteroides, peptostreptococcus, fusobacterium , eubacterium, as well as a number of other types, some of the factors that may contribute to an abnormal increase of these bacteria or make them become unbalanced can be multiple or new sexual partners although some experts are skeptical about this; IUDs , recent antibiotic use, vaginal douching, and smoking. It is not dangerous but can cause discomfort symptoms.
