A postulate is a statement in math that is so obvious that it does not need to be proven, that is basically what it means, in layman's terms
In cylindrical coordinates, we have
, so that

correspond to the upper and lower halves of a sphere with radius
. In spherical coordinates, this sphere is
.
means our region is between two cylinders with radius 1 and
. In spherical coordinates, the inner cylinder has equation

This cylinder meets the sphere when

which occurs at

where
. Then
.
The volume element transforms to

Putting everything together, we have

Given:
The data points are:
(1, 0), (2, 3), (3,1), (4,4), (5,5)
To find:
The equation of best fit line in the form of
and then find the value of b.
Solution:
The general form of best fit line is:
...(i)
Where, m is the slope of best fit line and b is the y-intercept of the line.
Using the graphing calculator, we get the equation for the best fit line and the equation is
...(ii)
On comparing (i) and (ii), we get

Therefore, the value of b is equal to -0.7.