Answer: Option C - Radical
Explanation:
A radical is a chemical specie carrying a lone electron. In the halogenation of alkanes: take Methane CH4 as the alkane, and Chlorine Cl as the halogen.
The step by step halogenation process is as follows:
CH4 + Cl2 --> CH3• + HCl + Cl•
CH3• + Cl2 --> CH3Cl + HCl
CH3Cl + Cl2 --> CH2Cl2 + HCl + Cl•
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 --> CHCl3 + HCl
CHCl3 + Cl2 --> CCl4 + HCl + Cl•
Chlorine molecule attack methane knocking off an hydrogen atom from it and forming a methyl radical (CH3•), that is subsequently attack by another chlorine molecule. This cycle repeats itself, until no hydrogen atom is available for substitution by the highly reactive chlorine radical.
Note: no cation or anion is formed in the halogenation process
Are found along volcanic island arcs
Missing question:<span> How many grams of oxygen are needed for complete combustion of the toluene?
Chemical reaction: </span>C₇H₈ + 9O₂ → 7CO₂ + 4H₂<span>O.
V(</span>C₇H₈) = 8,30 ml.
d(C₇H₈) = 0,867 g/ml.
n(C₇H₈) = V(C₇H₈) · d(C₇H₈).
m(C₇H₈) = 8,3 ml · 0,867 g/ml.
m(C₇H₈) = 7,19 g.
n(C₇H₈) = m(C₇H₈) ÷ M(C₇H₈).
n(C₇H₈) = 7,19 g ÷ 92,14 g/mol = 0,078 mol.
From chemical reaction: n(C₇H₈) : n(O₂) = 1 : 9.
n(O₂) = 9 · 0,078 mol = 0,702 mol.
m(O₂) = 0,702 mol · 32 g/mol = 22,5 g.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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