There are 4 lone pairs of electrons present in the carbon dioxide molecule
Answer:
b. In equilibrium with the liquid phase, the pressure exerted by a gas.
Explanation:
When a liquid is warmed up to a temperature , it starts vaporising . The liquid is turning into gas and gas is turning into liquid at different rates . Initially the rate of former is higher but gradually the difference of rate between them decreases to zero . At this point the rate of conversion of liquid into gas and rate of conversion of gas into liquid becomes equal . This is called dynamic equilibrium point .
If we change the temperature , the equilibrium gets disturbed .
At this point the pressure exerted by the gas is called the vapour pressure of the liquid .
So option b ) is correct .
The equilibrium expression shows the ratio
between products and reactants. This expression is equal to the concentration
of the products raised to its coefficient divided by the concentration of the
reactants raised to its coefficient. The correct equilibrium expression for the
given reaction is:<span>
<span>H2CO3(aq) + H2O(l)
= H3O+(aq) + HCO3-1(aq)
Kc = [HCO3-1] [H3O+] / [H2O] [H2CO3]</span></span>
In a distillation model, it is better to let the cold water enter the bottom of the condenser and exit at the top because this can lead to a better cooling effect.
When water enters from the bottom, they will stay longer in the condenser, thus the vapor in the condenser can be cooled back into liquid faster.
In addition, this method can also save the amount of water used, since they water can stay longer in the condenser.
