Answer:
Introduction In ecology and biology, abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment which affect ecosystems. Biotic describes a living component of an ecosystem; for example organisms, such as plants and animals. Examples Water, light, wind, soil, humidity, minerals, gases.
Explanation:
D. it serves as a link between membrane proteins on adjacent membranes.
Yes. True vertebrates have a true head that develops from a neural crest of cells and hard structures surrounding the notochord.
The neural crest, which forms early in the development process in vertebrate embryos, is a fold on the neural plate where the neural and epidermal ectoderms converge. As an embryo grows, the neural crest produces neural crest cells (NCCs), which can differentiate into a variety of different cell types and contribute to tissues and organs.
The notochord is a temporary structure that plays a crucial role in higher animals. It secretes substances that communicate with all neighbouring tissues, telling them where they are and what will happen to them.
Therefore, True vertebrates have a true head that develops from a neural crest of cells and hard structures surrounding the notochord.
Learn more about notochord here:
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Getting the probability for each event can easily be done using Punnett Square (say, Hh x Hh for the couple since they are both carriers of the disease). Doing so will result to: 0.25 probability of an offspring not having the disease and is not a carrier of the gene, 0.50 probability of an offspring not having the disease and is a carrier of the gene, and a 0.25 probability of an offspring having the disease. The probability of these events apply to each offspring, and will not depend on how many children they want to have. This means each offspring has a 0.25-0.50-0.25 chance of not being a carrier, being a carrier, and having the disease, respectively.
I believe the answer would be meiosis
