Answer:
The statement
is a contingency.
The statement
is a contradiction.
Step-by-step explanation:
A tautology is a proposition that is always true.
A contradiction is a proposition that is always false.
A contingency is a proposition that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction.
a) To classify the statement
, you need to use the logic laws as follows:

by the logical equivalence involving conditional statement.
by the Commutative law.
by Distributive law.
by the Commutative law.
by the Negation law.
Therefore the statement
is a contingency.
b) To classify the statement
, you need to use the logic laws as follows:

by the logical equivalence involving conditional statement.
by the Commutative law.
by Distributive law.
by the Negation law.
Therefore the statement
is a contradiction.
Answer:
Note that the ratio 12 to 3 is said to be equivalent to the ratio 4 to 1, that is 12:3 = 4:1.
Answer:
B 12x+11
Step-by-step explanation:
4x + 8x + 7 + 4
Combine like terms
12x +11
Hint: Is under 3 dollars.