The missing diagram is in the attachments.
Answer: X: positive Y: positive
Explanation: Electric field is a vector quantity, which means it can be represented by a vector arrow: the arrow points in the direction of electric field and its length represents the magnitude at a given location. There are another representation of the electric field called electric field lines, <u>in which the line points away from a positively charged source and towards a negatively charged source</u>. This occurs because it follows a pattern, where the lines points in the direction that a positive test charge would have if it is accelerating on the line.
Analyzing the diagram, it can be observed that the lines are pointing away from both of the charged objects. Therefore, both X and Y are <u>positively charged</u>.
TLDR: It will reach a maximum when the angle between the area vector and the magnetic field vector are perpendicular to one another.
This is an example that requires you to investigate the properties that occur in electric generators; for example, hydroelectric dams produce electricity by forcing a coil to rotate in the presence of a magnetic field, generating a current.
To solve this, we need to understand the principles of electromotive forces and Lenz’ Law; changing the magnetic field conditions around anything with this potential causes an induced current in the wire that resists this change. This principle is known as Lenz’ Law, and can be described using equations that are specific to certain situations. For this, we need the two that are useful here:
e = -N•dI/dt; dI = ABcos(theta)
where “e” describes the electromotive force, “N” describes the number of loops in the coil, “dI” describes the change in magnetic flux, “dt” describes the change in time, “A” describes the area vector of the coil (this points perpendicular to the loops, intersecting it in open space), “B” describes the magnetic field vector, and theta describes the angle between the area and mag vectors.
Because the number of loops remains constant and the speed of the coils rotation isn’t up for us to decide, the only thing that can increase or decrease the emf is the change in magnetic flux, represented by ABcos(theta). The magnetic field and the size of the loop are also constant, so all we can control is the angle between the two. To generate the largest emf, we need cos(theta) to be as large as possible. To do this, we can search a graph of cos(theta) for the highest point. This occurs when theta equals 90 degrees, or a right angle. Therefore, the electromotive potential will reach a maximum when the angle between the area vector and the magnetic field vector are perpendicular to one another.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
(a): 
(b): 
(c): 
Explanation:
Given that an electron revolves around the hydrogen atom in a circular orbit of radius r = 0.053 nm = 0.053
m.
Part (a):
According to Coulomb's law, the magnitude of the electrostatic force of interaction between two charged particles of charges 
and 
respectively is given by
where,
= Coulomb's constant = 
= distance of separation between the charges.
For the given system,
The Hydrogen atom consists of a single proton, therefore, the charge on the Hydrogen atom, 
The charge on the electron, 
These two are separated by the distance, 
Thus, the magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction between the electron and the proton is given by
Part (b):
The gravitational force of attraction between two objects of masses 
and respectively is given by
where,
= Universal Gravitational constant = 
- = distance of separation between the masses.
For the given system,
The mass of proton, 
The mass of the electron, 
Distance between the two,
Thus, the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between the electron and the proton is given by
The ratio 
:
