1. Plastic Waster
2. Air Pollution
3. Toxic Sludge Dumping
Genetic change in the reproductive cells of the body (ovule or sperm) that is incorporated into the DNA of each cell in the body of the descendants. Hereditary mutations are transmitted from parents to children. It is also called germline mutation.
(Pp)(Yy) —> PY, Py, pY, py
Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of central serotonin in the brain.
Antidepressants medications are drugs that are used to relieve symptoms of depression, anxiety disorders and other conditions. The concentration of central serotonin (a neurochemical) in the brain is increased to a dangerous level when antidepressant medications such as serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is used together with another antidepressant that also influences serotonin levels in the brain.
The afferent arteriole is larger in diameter than the different arteriole, so that glomerular blood pressure is relatively high.
The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.
The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus.
The glomerulus (plural glomeruli) is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. Each of the two kidneys contains about one million nephrons.
The tuft is structurally supported by the mesangium (the space between the blood vessels), composed of intraglomerular mesangial cells. The blood is filtered across the capillary walls of this tuft through the glomerular filtration barrier, which yields its filtrate of water and soluble substances to a cup-like sac known as Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then enters the renal tubule of the nephron.
The glomerulus receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal arterial circulation. Unlike most capillary beds, the glomerular capillaries exit into efferent arterioles rather than venules. The resistance of the efferent arterioles causes sufficient hydrostatic pressure within the glomerulus to provide the force for ultrafiltration.
The glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule constitute a renal corpuscle, the basic filtration unit of the kidney. The rate at which blood is filtered through all of the glomeruli, and thus the measure of the overall kidney function, is the glomerular filtration rate.
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