Answer:
C. +23.1 kJ/mol
Explanation:
the formula to use to calculate the energy requirement in kJ/mol to transport a proton across the mitochondrial inner membrane in plant cells is:
ΔGt = RTIn 
+ ZFΔV
let's list the values of the data we are being given in the question to make it easier when solving it.
Z= 1
F= 96500C (faraday's constant)
ΔV= 160mV = 0.160V
R= 8.314( constant)
T= 15ºC ( converting our degree Celsius into kelvin, we will have 273.15k+ 15 = 288.15K)
∴ T= 288.15K
Putting it all together in the formula, we have:
ΔGt = 8.314 × 288.15 × 2.303 log + 1 × 96500 × 0.160
ΔGt = 5517.25 
+15440
ΔGt = 5517.25 
+15440
Given that the pH differential gradient across the membrane is 1.4pH units. It implies that;
ΔGt = 5517.25 × 1.4 + 15440
= 7724.15 +15440
= 23164.15 Joules/moles
= +23.1 KJ/mole
Answer;
-Malachite green
Explanation;
-Malachite green is also used in endospore staining, since it can directly stain endospores within bacterial cells; here a safranin counterstain is often used.
-Because of their tough protein coats made of keratin, spores are highly resistant to normal staining procedures. The primary stain in the endospore stain procedure, malachite green, is driven into the cells with heat.
Answer:
There is a term "atmospheric circulation". It is when the air throughout the globe moves around. When the sun heats air near the equator more, and less at the poles. So the equator is warmer. The warm air near the equator moves either towards the south or the north, toward the poles. The warm air also rises up, and the cold air sinks. This is convection, but at a global scale. THis is also the cause of wind.
The answer is :
<span>Some of the energy is stored in the plant's tissues and the rest is released as heat energy.
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