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Answer:
The major effects of ice accretion on the aircraft is that it disturbs the flow of air and effects the aircraft's performance.
Explanation:
The ice accretion effects the longitudinal stability of an aircraft as:
1. The accumulation of ice on the tail of an aircraft results in the reduction the longitudinal stability and the elevator's efficacy.
2. When the flap is deflected at with no power there is an increase in the longitudinal velocity.
3. When the angle of attack is higher close to the stall where separation occurs in the early stages of flow, the effect of ice accretion are of importance.
4. When the situation involves no flap at reduced power setting results in the decrease in aircraft's longitudinal stability an increase in change in coefficient of pitching moment with attack angle.
Answer:
The correct answers are:
a. % w = 33.3%
b. mass of water = 45g
Explanation:
First, let us define the parameters in the question:
void ratio e = =
Specific gravity =
% Saturation S = ×
=
×
water content w = =
a) To calculate the lower and upper limits of water content:
when S = 100%, it means that the soil is fully saturated and this will give the upper limit of water content.
when S < 100%, the soil is partially saturated, and this will give the lower limit of water content.
Note; S = 0% means that the soil is perfectly dry. Hence, when s = 1 will give the lowest limit of water content.
To get the relationship between water content and saturation, we will manipulate the equations above;
w =
Recall; mass = Density × volume
w =
From eqn. (2) =
∴
putting eqn. (6) into (5)
w =
Again, from eqn (1)
substituting into eqn. (7)
∴
With eqn. (7), we can calculate
upper limit of water content
when S = 100% = 1
Given,
∴
∴ %w = 33.3%
Lower limit of water content
when S = 1% = 0.01
∴ % w = 0.33%
b) Calculating mass of water in 100 cm³ sample of soil ( )
Given, , S = 50% = 0.5
%S = ×
=
×
0.50 =
mass of water =