Answer:
Instead of physically trapping drugs into vesicles, amphiphilic phospholipids in pharmacosomes are complexed with drugs via hydrogen bonds between active hydrogens and phospholipids. The drug molecule bearing an active hydrogen atom (-COOH, -OH, -NH2 etc.) can be converted to an ester with the hydroxyl moiety of the lipid, resulting in an amphiphilic complex that aids membrane, tissue, or cell wall transfer. The drug-lipid complex exists as a monomer at low concentrations, but a variety of structures (e.g. micelles, colloidal or hexagonal shape) might develop when the concentration increases. Eventually, the conjugated drug will be released from pharmacosomes upon chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis. Compared to other liposomal drug delivery systems, pharmacosomes have advantages such as minimized drug degradation and increased drug bioavailability. For example, limitations in transfersomes such as predisposition to oxidative degradation and impurity of natural phospholipids can be overcome by pharmacosomes. Besides, other advantages are also beneficial in various research:
No drug leakage due to the covalently link.
High entrapment efficiency.
Suitable for both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
Improved bioavailability especially in case of poorly soluble drugs.
No need to remove unentrapped drugs from the formulation as needed in case of liposomes.
Reduction in adverse effects, toxicity, and the cost of therapy.
Avoid drug incorporation in the body of the patient.
Membrane fluidity does not affect drug release.
Explanation:
https://www.creative-biostructure.com/Pharmacosomes-Production-615.htm
Answer:
Habitat
Explanation:
All organisms are in constant interaction with their environment. This includes both biotic, living things, or abiotic, non-living things, factors. Where this interaction takes place is what we call an ecosystem.
Within each ecosystem, e.g. aquatic or terrestrial, <u>a population, or group of species, lives in a specific physical environment known as a habitat</u>, where they occupy their own niches or roles/functions.
Here, several populations of different species can coexist, however, they have their own roles or, in other words, they have specific adaptations to this area. Habitats could range from oceans, lakes, and rivers to deserts, forests, and mountains.
Therefore, a <u>habitat</u> is a physical environment where a species lives and becomes adapted.
I'm not sure what YOU already know about photosynthesis and cellular respiration.... however, you SHOULD know that the two are beautifully linked to one another!
Photosynthesis equation:
6CO2+6H2O -> C6H12O6+H2O
Cellular respiration
C6H12O6+H2O -> 6CO2+6H2O
Notice something? The substrates of one equation are the products of the other! We rely on plants for their photosynthetic reactions - and plants benefit from us (not really because there is already a TON of CO2 in the atmosphere) from our cellular respiration
***we like their oxygen and they like our carbon dioxide!
:) I hope that helps! Let me know if you need any more elaboration!
It’s a scam don’t click the link you’ll get a virus
Answer:
I think it's proteins but I'm not a 100% sure on this one