Classify the number shown as the dot in this diagram.
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say we're going to add "x" gallons of water, now how many gallons of alcohol is in pure water? well 0%, and 0% of "x" is (0/100) * x = 0.
the 3 gallons we know are 100% alcohol, how many gallons of alcohol is in it? well (100/100) * 3 = 3.
the resulting mix will have x + 3 gallons total and it's going to be 15% alcohol, how many gallons of alcohol is that? (15/100) * (x+3).
now, the amount of alcohol never increased, so the original 3 gallons of only alcohol will remain even after the water has been added, so.