Answer:
Derived traits shared among the species or other groups in a dataset are key to helping us build trees. As shown above, shared derived traits tend to form nested patterns that provide information about when branching events occurred in the evolution of the species.
Explanation:
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Answer:
12:3:1
Explanation:
<em>The typical F2 ratio in cases of dominant epistasis is 12:3:1.</em>
<u>The epistasis is a form of gene interaction in which an allele in one locus interacts with and modifies the effects of alleles in another locus</u>. There are different types of epistasis depending on the type of alleles that are interacting. These include:
- Dominant/simple epistasis: Here, a dominant allele on one locus suppresses the expression of both alleles on another locus irrespective of whether they are dominant or recessive. Instead of the Mendelian dihybrid F2 ratio of 9:3:3:1, what is obtained is 12:3:1. Examples of this type of gene interaction are found in seed coat color in barley, skin color in mice, etc.
- Other types of epistasis include <em>recessive epistasis (9:3:4), dominant inhibitory epistasis (13:3), duplicate recessive epistasis (9:7), duplicate dominant epistasis (15:1), and polymeric gene interaction (9:6:1).</em>
Answer:
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion: The Three Steps of Urine Formation. The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Explanation:
A layer of ice on the surface keeps the water temperature warmer than the air temperature.
