a company has designed a new product and tested the porotype which is the next step in product development
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The reaction creates dihydrogen, hence if it's uncontrolled it could lead to potentially dangerous amounts of gas being released at once.
Answer:
A. for K>>1 you can say that the reaction is nearly irreversible so the forward direction is favored. (Products formation)
B. When the temperature rises the equilibrium is going to change but to know how is going to change you have to take into account the kind of reaction. For endothermic reactions (the reverse reaction is favored) and for exothermic reactions (the forward reaction is favored)
Explanation:
A. The equilibrium constant K is defined as
In any case
aA +Bb equilibrium Cd +dD
where K is:
[] is molar concentration.
If K>>> 1 it means that the molar concentration of products is a lot bigger that the molar concentration of reagents, so the forward reaction is favored.
B. The relation between K and temperature is given by the Van't Hoff equation
Where: H is reaction enthalpy, R is the gas constant and T temperature.
Clearing the equation for we get:
Here we can study two cases: when delta is positive (exothermic reactions) and when is negative (endothermic reactions)
For exothermic reactions when we increase the temperature the denominator in the equation would have a negative exponent so is greater that
and the forward reaction is favored.
When we have an endothermic reaction we will have a positive exponent so will be less than
the forward reactions is not favored.
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
Volume of water = 0.25
Density of water = 1000
Therefore, mass of water = Density × Volume
=
= 250 kg
Initial Temperature of water () =
Final temperature of water =
Heat of vaporization of water () at
is 2133 kJ/kg
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 kJ/kg/K
As 25% of water got evaporated at its boiling point () in 60 min.
Therefore, amount of water evaporated = 0.25 × 250 (kg) = 62.5 kg
Heat required to evaporate = Amount of water evapotaed × Heat of vaporization
= 62.5 (kg) × 2133 (kJ/kg)
= kJ
All this heat was supplied in 60 min = 60(min) × 60(sec/min) = 3600 sec
Therefore, heat supplied per unit time = Heat required/time = = 37 kJ/s or kW
The power rating of electric heating element is 37 kW.
Hence, heat required to raise the temperature from to
of 250 kg of water = Mass of water × specific heat capacity × (140 - 20)
= 250 (kg) × 40184 (kJ/kg/K) × (140 - 20) (K)
= 125520 kJ
Time required = Heat required / Power rating
=
= 3392 sec
Time required to raise the temperature from to
of 0.25
water is calculated as follows.
= 56 min
Thus, we can conclude that the time required to raise the temperature is 56 min.