The probability is a ratio of the possible events to the total events. The total is 52 cards, so the denominator is 52. The individual properties of the specific cards are the following:
Any face or number cards is 4/52, because there are 4 cards for each symbol. On the other hand, each symbol like heart, diamond, club or spade would each have a probability of 13/52 (counting numbers 2 to 10, Ace card, and the 3 face cards). Also, there are 26 each of red and black cards. Furthermore, the words 'or' and 'and' are hint words. When you see 'or', you have to add their individual probabilities. If you see the word 'and', you'll have to multiply them. With that said, the solution is as follows:
a.) P = 4/52 + 4/52 + 4/52 = 3/13
b.) P = (13/52 + 13/52 + 4/52)(26/52) = 15/52
c.) P = 13/52
d.) P = 13/52 + 13/52 + 13/52 = 3/4
Using cash can help Ralph improve his credit score is just untrue in so many ways.
The answer is choice A because the statement does not justify Ralph's use of cash.
