The first organisms to inhabit Earth were prokaryotes that
lived 3.5 billion years ago. prokaryotes are well organised, achieving all of an organism’s life functions
within a single cell. These were the precursors to eukaryotic cells
We live in part of the Milky Way galaxy which is part of the universe. There are countless other galaxies out there besides the Milky Way
Answer:
The correct answer is: d. progressive stabilisation of correct secondary structural intermediates, and unfolding of incorrect structures, until the final structure is attained.
Explanation:
- Protein folding is a sequential process and not a random one.
- It is necessary that a protein must fold in such a way that in the end it is able to attain the particular conformation which is required for its function.
- The folding of an amino acid sequence is a process that is thermodynamically favourable.
- This is because in a folded protein the hydrophobic amino acids escapes from interacting with water molecules and hence gets stabilised.
- A folded protein has lower energy and is more stable than a linear polypeptide chain.
- The folding of an amino acid linear chain into a protein takes place in the following way:
- The folding of the amino acid sequence begins during the process of translation of the mRNA (messenger Ribonucleic Acid) by Ribosome. (Co-translational folding)
- This is because initially the linear amino acid sequence forms a secondary structure (alpha helix, beta sheet) which is formed between the nearby amino acid residues.
- These structures form progressively and sequentially and each structure after formation is checked for its correct conformation before the next structure (tertiary structure) is formed.
- If an incorrect folding has occurred, the folded polypeptide chain opens up and refolds until correct orientation is attained.
- Folding, opening and refolding process continues until the correct conformation of the protein is attained.
Drastic change in pH or temperature because the enzyme reaction may become denatured.
Answer:
C) eukaryote A) bryophyte D) moss B) seedless plant
Explanation:
According to Whittaker five kingdom classification, the most specific classification includes prokaryotes and eukaryotes . Unicellular organisms were placed under Monera whereas Multicellular organisms were placed under Eukaryotes. Based on the cell wall, Eukaryotes were further divided into plantae and animalia. Plantae includes Thallophytes, Bryophytes (lacks differentiation of stem, leaf and root), Pteridophytes (seedless vascular plants), Gymnosperms (naked seeds) and angiosperms (Flowering and non- flowering plants).
