The cell membrane allows substances to enter and leave the cell and gives the cell structure.
The decomposers are of two kinds, aerobic decomposers and anaerobic decomposers. The aerobic decomposers need the oxygen from the air to break down the dead and decaying matter into simple salts, sugars and hydrocarbon gases. The anaerobic decomposers do not require oxygen for the break down of dead and decaying matter. They break down the matter into various forms of hydrocarbons, sulphides and nitrogenous compounds.
When a dead and decaying matter gets buried deep within the Earth where there is an absence of the decomposers, it takes the form of crude oil, coal, peat, asphalt, and natural gas. The matter gets compressed by the weight of the rocks above and changes its form.
Cohesion hold H Bonds together to create surface tension on water. And since water is attracted to other molecules it then sticks to other molecules.
hope i helped
<u>Definition:</u>
The sex hormone and endogenous steroid present in human and other species ' menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis are known as "Progesterone" while the primary sex hormone in females responsible for the development and control of the female reproductive system and for the characteristics of secondary sex is termed as "Estrogen" or "oestrogen".
<u>Progesterone Effects:</u>
- Progesterone has a variety of physiological effects which are exacerbated when estrogens are present for an instance in breast tissue, where estrogens permits progesterone to mediate lobuloalveolar development.
- Progesterone has main effects on human sperm by non-genomic signals, as they move through the female tract before fertilization.
- Progesterone is called "hormone of pregnancy" as transform the endometrium to its secretory stage for uterine implantation, decrease the maternal immune response to permit for the acceptance of the pregnancy during implantation and gestation, prevent preterm labor, inhibits lactation during pregnancy etc.
<u>Estrogen Effects:</u>
- Effects structure of human and categorize them as male and female, while females have three kind of estrogen: Estrone (weak and found in women after menopause), Estradiol (strong and it is steroid produced by ovaries ) and Estriol (weakest and waste product after body produces estradiol).
- It effects ovaries, vagina, Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and mammary glands.
- It triggers the release of an egg due to high level during halfway of cycle but decreases after ovulation.
<u>Similarities between progesterone and estrogen: </u>
Progesterone and estrogen as such do not have similar function but work with coordination as both are need for menstrual cycle functioning and regulation. Estrogens usually travel in fluids through the bloodstream, communicate with cells in the body's various tissues, and provide a message or guidance while progesterone helps to balance pregnancy period and to implant an egg in uterus.
<h2>
Correct Answer is (C)</h2>
Explanation:
(C) Use of reporter genes
- <em>Reporter gene</em> A quality that is utilized to<em> 'tag' </em>another quality or DNA succession of interest, for example, <em>an promoter</em>
- Expression of the correspondent is handily observed, and allows the function or whereabouts of the<em> 'target' sequence</em> to be tracked.It have a two type of reporter gene such as scorable reporter gene and selector gene
- Scorable reporter gene - The gene have expression of this result in quantifiable phenotype and easily detected through highly<em> sensitive enzymes assays </em>
- Selector gene- The gene expression<em> resistance to a toxin</em> and selection of tranformants from <em>non tranformants in growth media containing selective agents </em>
