What happens when production is inside the production possibilities curve

One of the problems in economics is the allocation of goods in the presence of externalities. When externalities are present allocation of goods in private market won't be efficient because private parties won't internalize them and would arrive to an inefficient outcome. For many years this was an argument in favor of government intervention.

However, Ronald Coase showed that assigning property rights of the externality to one of the private parties (no matter which one) would result in an efficient outcome. This is because the parties with the property right would then internalize the cost. Then in the bargaining process private parties would reach an efficient outcome without the intervention of the government.

7 0

3 years ago

The S&P 500 Index is one of the most commonly used benchmark indices for the U.S. equity markets. Consisting of 500 companie

seropon [69]

Answer:

1. Based on my understanding of P/E ratios, in which of the following situations would the average trailing P/E ratio (current price divided by earnings per share over the previous 12 months) of the S&P 500 Index be higher?

Th e correct option is (b). The outlook for the economy and the markets is for improvement.

2. You invest $100,000 in 40 stocks, 20 bonds, and a certificate of deposit (CD). What kind of risk will you primarily be exposed to?

Th e correct option is (b). Portfolio risk

3. Generally, investors would prefer to invest in assets that have:

a. A higher-than-average expected rate of return given the perceived risk

Explanation:

1. Based on my understanding of P/E ratios, in which of the following situations would the average trailing P/E ratio (current price divided by earnings per share over the previous 12 months) of the S&P 500 Index be higher?

Th e correct option is (b). The outlook for the economy and the markets is for improvement. If the outlook of the economy and the market prospects of the stocks are for improvements, it then means that the Price Per Earning of the stock will be increasing, which is a positive economic trend.

Moreover, since we are talking about the average P/E it can be inferred that in the very long run, average of the S&P 500 Price to Earnings (PE) ratio (since 1900) is approximately 15.8, and the ratio since 1946 (the post-World War II period) is 17.3, so, it is fair to call a "normal" PE ratio about 16.5, which is relatively stable over the years.

2. You invest $100,000 in 40 stocks, 20 bonds, and a certificate of deposit (CD). What kind of risk will you primarily be exposed to?

Th e correct option is (b). Portfolio risk is the chance that the combination of assets or units, within the investments that you own, fail to meet financial objectives. Each investment within a portfolio carries its own risk, with higher potential return typically meaning higher risk. It can be computed as the risk of the two-securities portfolio, first take the square of the weight of 40 Stocks ($100,000.00) and multiply it by square of standard deviation of the 40 stocks. Repeat the calculation for 20 Bonds and a Certificate of Deposit.

3. Generally, investors would prefer to invest in assets that have:

a. A higher-than-average expected rate of return given the perceived risk Yes they will because a higher -than average expected rate of return will inform the investor the type of strategies to adopt to guarantee the expected earnings containing the risk.

5 0

3 years ago

Marginal thinking is best demonstrated by:

Aleonysh [2.5K]

Answer:

The correct option is A. Marginal thinking is best demonstrated by choosing to spend one more hour studying economics because you think the improvement in your score on the next quiz will be worth the sacrifice of time.

Explanation:

Marginal thinking can be described as a form of thinking in which a person evaluates the costs as well as the benefits of doing an extra task. The person thinks about the worth of the extra resources. For example, in the option A the person is thinking to study economics at the cost of an extra hour. This cost would benefit him to score more in the quiz which is worth the cost.

4 0

3 years ago