I believe the answer is B. Intelligent analysis of political situations.
Social stratification is basically the separation of society into different classes. Karl Marx thought this system will inevitably fall and a new Communist society formed by only the middle class will take its place.
I believe the answer is: hindsight bias
Hindisight bias refers to mindset that make a person beleive that a certain event is predictable even if they have no objective measurement to make the prediction. Hindisight bias generally created by either memory distortion or self fulfilling prophecies.
Answer: flavors of ice cream
Explanation: Subjectivism theory sees values of what is morally right or wrong like the "flavors of ice cream" i.e values of what is right or wrong is just a matter of what one personally prefers.
This theory holds that there is nothing like objective moral truth and and the only standard of judgement should be that of individuals rather than communal i.e the standard of judgement should be the individual moral conscience.