Question

Which amendment does this belong to?

Answer 1

The right to free public school is found in the individual state constitutions, not in the federal constitution. Every state has a provision in its constitution, commonly called the "education article," that guarantees some form of free public education. In San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriquez, the U.S. Supreme Court held that education is not a "fundamental right" under the U.S. Constitution. So, as a matter of constitutional law, the founding fathers left it to the states to decide whether to provide an education or not.
The 14th amendment of the US Constitution talks about education.