The answer is first law! :)
Calcium reacts gently with water to give hydrogen and calcium hydroxide, which is only slightly soluble, thus slows down the reaction.
It will be assumed that hydrochloric acid used is a dilute aqueous solution.
However, calcium reacts with hydrochloric acid to give calcium chloride which is readily soluble in water, and hydrogen, being a typical reaction of relatively active metals with acids.
Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> CaCl2(aq) +H2(g) ↑ + heat
The clues that it is a chemical reaction could be:
- formation of a new substance, gaseous hydrogen
- disappearance of a metallic solid in the solution
- heat formed during the vigorous reaction.
As silver is below hydrogen in the electrochemical series, it will not be expected to react with dilute hydrocloric acid. (however, it dissolves in oxidizing acid such as nitric acid, but not displacing hydrogen as a product).
A base generally releases a hydroxide ion (OH-) when dissolved in water.
There are exceptions, such as ammonia NH3, which acts as a base but does not produce OH- ions. There are three definitions of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis) and each one looks at acid/base characteristics differently. OH- donation is the Arrhenius definition.
The synthesis of a compound from its elements in their standard state, accompanied by a change in energy that is known as standard enthalpy of formation of a compound. The standard state of a substance is the most stable physical state of the compound that exist at STP that is at 1 atm, 273 K temperature. So the answer is yes, the energy change accompanying the synthesis of a compound from its elements in their standard state.
Order of Solubility of given alcohols is as follow,
Ethanol Butanol Hexanol
Highly Soluble ---------->--------------------->------------------------>---Slightly Soluble
As we know Like dissolves Like. Water is a polar solvent and dissolves readily those compounds which are polar in nature. The solubility of all these alcohols is due o the -OH (hydroxyl) group which tends to form Hydrogen Bond interactions with the water molecules. The difference comes in the alkyl group of these compounds. The akyl group is non polar in nature and immiscible in water. As the non polar chain increases from ethanol to hexanol, so the solubility also decreases from ethanol to hexanol.