Answer: The four main categories of mineral formation are: (1) igneous, or magmatic, in which minerals crystallize from a melt, (2) sedimentary, in which minerals are the result of sedimentation, a process whose raw materials are particles from other rocks that have undergone weathering or erosion, (3) metamorphic, in which
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A. to determine the efficiency of the reaction
Explanation:
Percentage is the ratio of the actual yield to theoretical yield as a percentage. It is calculated by dividing the actual yield by theoretical yield then multiplying by 100%.
Calculation of percentage yield is important as it helps in the determination of efficiency of a reaction. For example in most industries for the purpose of making the most product with the least waste.
Additionally, calculating the percentage yield helps in determining other products that may be formed during the reactions.
The statement that best describes a buffer is: <u>A buffer resists change in pH by accepting hydrogen ions when acids are added to the solution and donating hydrogen ions when bases are added.</u>
Why?
A buffer is a solution made by combining either:
- A weak acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A⁻).
- A weak base (B) and its conjugate acid (HB⁺)
The purpose of a buffer is to resist changes in pH when a strong acid or base is added to the solution.
If the buffer is composed of HA and A⁻ and a strong acid (e.g. HCl) is added, the buffer <u>accepts hydrogen ions</u> in the following way:
A⁻+HCl → HA+Cl⁻
If a strong base (e.g. NaOH) is added, the buffer donates hydrogen ions in the following way:
HA + NaOH → NaA + H₂O
The pH of the buffer at any given moment can be found by using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation, based on the equilibrium HA + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + A⁻
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Shorter because the I-I bond in the I2 molecule is covalent whereas the bond between adjacent molecules is due to dispersion.
<h3>What is bond length?</h3>
Bond length typically falls between 0.1 and 0.2 nm. Covalent radius is the term used to describe the length of a connection formed between two comparable atoms. The order of the bond or the quantity of linked electrons between two atoms determines the bond length.
<h3>
What connection exists between the length and the strength of a bond?</h3>
The C-C bond in alkanes must be the longest since it is the weakest, and the C-C bond in alkynes must be the shortest because it appears to be the strongest, according to the data. We determined in the preceding section that the bond strength is inversely correlated to the bond length.
<h3>How can bond length be calculated in chemistry?</h3>
- The bond gets shorter as the atoms get smaller.
- The length of the bond decreases as bond multiplicity increases.
- The shorter the bond, the higher the effective nuclear charges of the bound atoms.
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