Question

Michelle was curious about her mother's blood type. Michelle knew that her own blood type was o,

Answer 1

Blood type is determined by the I gene. IAIA and IAi determines A blood type. IBIB and IBi determines B blood type. ii determines 0 blood type. Michelle's mother must at least carry one recessive allele i.

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The blood type is determined by a gene, which is triallelic.

• IA dominant over i. The person presents A type of antigens.

• IB dominant over i. The person presents B type of antigens.

• IA and IB are codominant. The person presents both types of antigens, A and B.

• i is the recessive allele. The person does not present any antigen.

⇒  H0m0zyg0us dominant individuals IAIA, or heter0zyg0us Individuals IAi, will express the A blood type.

⇒  H0m0zyg0us dominant individuals IBIB, or heter0zyg0us Individuals IBi, will express the B blood type.

⇒ Individuals with h0m0zyg0us recessive genotype, ii will express the 0 blood type.

⇒ Individuals carrying IA and IB alleles will express the AB blood type.

To solve the problem, we will use this information.

We know that

• Michelle is blood type 0

• Father is blood type A

• Brother and sister are blood type A

• Mother??

⇒ If Michelle is blood type 0, then her genotype is ii. She must have received one recessive allele from her father and one from her mother.

⇒ This suggests that Michelle's father, who is blood type A, is heter0zyg0us IAi. He must have at least one dominant allele IA that determines his phenotype, and one i allele.

⇒ Michelle's brother and sisters are also type A. They might be either h0m0zyg0us dominant IAIA or heter0zyg0us IAi.

⇒ Michelle's mother should have at least one recessive allele i. She could be either IAi or IBi, or ii. There are three possible option for her genotype.

Let us make the Punnet squares to understand it better. We know the genotype of the father, but there are three options for the mother.

Option 1

Cross)   father x mother

Parentals)  IAi     x     IAi

Gametes)  IA    i      IA     i

Punnett square)      IA       i

                       IA    IAIA    IAi

                        i     IAi       ii

F1) 25% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zyg0us dominant IAIA

     50% of the progeny is expected to be heter0zygus IAi

     25% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zyg0us recessive ii

75% of the progeny is expected to be blood type A ⇒ IAIA and IAi ⇒ Sisters and brother

25% of the progeny is expected to be blood tye 0 ⇒ ii ⇒ Michelle

Option 2

Cross)   father x mother

Parentals)  IAi     x     IBi

Gametes)  IA    i      IB     i

Punnett square)      IA       i

                       IB    IBIA    IBi

                        i     IAi       ii

F1)  25% of the progeny is expected to be IAIB

     25% of the progeny is expected to be heter0zygus IAi

     25% of the progeny is expected to be heter0zygus IBi

     25% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zyg0us recessive ii

25% of the progeny is expected to be blood type AB ⇒ IAIB

25% of the progeny is expected to be blood type A ⇒ IAi ⇒ Sisters and brother

25% of the progeny is expected to be blood type B ⇒ IBi

25% of the progeny is expected to be blood tye 0 ⇒ ii ⇒ Michelle

Option 3

Cross)   father x mother

Parentals)  IAi     x     ii

Gametes)  IA    i      i     i

Punnett square)      IA       i

                        i     IAi        ii

                        i     IAi        ii

F1)  50% of the progeny is expected to be heter0zygus IAi

     25% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zyg0us recessive ii

50% of the progeny is expected to be blood type A ⇒  IAi ⇒ Sisters and brother

50% of the progeny is expected to be blood tye 0 ⇒ ii ⇒ Michelle

Despite the fact we can not determine for sure the mother's genotype, we know that she carries at least one recessive allele, which is why Michelle's blood type is 0.

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