All categories

3 years ago

How to determine the speed of light.

Chemistry

1 answer:

LuckyWell [14K]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Hey mate....

Explanation:

This is ur answer....

By adjusting the path length while observing the interference pattern and carefully measuring the change in path length, the wavelength of the light (λ) can be determined. The speed of light is then calculated using the equation c = λf.

Hope it helps!

Brainliest pls!

Follow me! ♡

You might be interested in

What is the ground-state electron configuration of the fluoride ion F−? Express your answer in condensed form, in order of incre

hoa [83]

Answer:

[He]2p6

Explanation:

Fluorine has an atomoc number of 9 which means 9 electrons with the electon configuration:[He]2p5,However,when it becomes Fluoride ion,it gains one electron to complete its outermost shell to obtain an octet configuration and becomes [He]2p6.

7 0

3 years ago

Find the pH during the titration of 20.00 mL of 0.1000 M butanoic acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH (K a = 1.54 × 10 − 5), with 0.1000 M NaOH

Zina [86]

Here is the full question

Find the pH during the titration of 20.00 mL of 0.1000 M butanoic acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH (K a = 1.54 × 10 − 5), with 0.1000 M NaOH solution after the following additions of titrant (total volume of added base given):

a) 10.00 mL

pH =

b) 20.10 mL

pH =

c) 25.00 mL

pH =

Answer:

pH = 4.81

pH = 10.40

pH = 12.04

Explanation:

Number of moles of butanoic acid

= $20.00 \ mL * \frac{L}{1000 \ mL} * \frac{0.1000 \ mol}{ L}$

= 0.002000 mol

Number of moles of NaOH added

= $10.00 \ mL * \frac{L}{1000 \ mL }* \frac{0.1000 \ mol }{L}$

= 0.001000 mol

pKa of butanoic acid = - log Ka

= - log ( 1.54 × 10⁻⁵)

= 4.81

Equation for the reaction is expressed as follows:

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH + OH⁻ -----> CH₃CH₂COO⁻ + H₂O

The ICE Table is expressed as follows:

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH + OH⁻ -----> CH₃CH₂COO⁻ + H₂O

Initial 0.002000 0.001000 0

Change - 0.001000 - 0.001000 + 0.001000

Equilibrium 0.001000 0 0.001000

Total Volume = (20.00 + 10.00 ) mL

= 30.00 mL = 0.03000 L

Concentration of [CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH] = $\frac{0.001000 \ mol}{ 0.03000 \ L }$

= 0.03333 M

Concentration of [CH₃CH₂COO⁻] = $\frac{0.001000 \ mol}{ 0.03000 \ L}$

= 0.03333 M

By Henderson- Hasselbalch equation

pH = pKa + log $\frac{conjugate \ base}{acid }$

pH = pKa + log $\frac{CH_3CH_2CH_2COO^-}{CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH}$

PH = 4.81 + log $\frac{0.03333}{0.03333}$

pH = 4.81

Thus; the pH of the resulted buffer solution after 10.00 mL of NaOH was added = 4.81

b )

After the equivalence point, we all know that the pH of the solution will now definitely be determined by the excess H⁺

Number of moles of butanoic acid

= $20.00 \ mL * \frac{L}{1000 \ mL} * \frac{0.1000 \ mol}{ L}$

= 0.002000 mol

Number of moles of NaOH added

= $20.10 \ mL * \frac{L}{1000 \ mL} * \frac{0.1000 \ mol}{ L}$

= 0.002010 mol

Following the previous equation of reaction , The ICE Table for this process is as follows:

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH + OH⁻ -----> CH₃CH₂COO⁻ + H₂O

Initial 0.002000 0.002010 0

Change - 0.002000 -0.002000 + 0.002000

Equilibrium 0 0.000010 0.002000

We can see here that the base is present in excess;

NOW, number of moles of base present in excess

= ( 0.002010 - 0.002000) mol

= 0.000010 mol

Total Volume = (20.00 + 20.10 ) mL

= 40.10 mL × $\frac{1 \ L}{1000 \ mL }$

= 0.04010 L

Concentration of acid [OH⁻] = $\frac{0.000010 \ mol}{0.04010 \ L }$

= $2.494*10^{-4} M$

Using the ionic product of water:

$[H_3O^+] = \frac{K \omega }{[OH^-]}$

where

$K \omega = 10^{-14}$

$[H_3O^+] = \frac{1.0*10^{-14}}{2.494*10^{-14}}$

= $4.0*10^{-11}M$

pH = - log $[H_3O^+}]$

pH = - log [ $4.0*10^{-11}M$ ]

pH = 10.40

Thus, the pH of the solution after the equivalence point = 10.40

After the equivalence point, pH of the solution is determined by the excess H⁺.

Number of moles of butanoic acid

= $20.00 \ mL * \frac{L}{1000 \ mL} * \frac{0.1000 \ mol}{ L}$

= 0.002000 mol

Number of moles of NaOH added

= $25.00 \ mL * \frac{L}{1000 \ mL} * \frac{0.1000 \ mol}{ L}$

= 0.002500 mol

From our chemical equation; The ICE Table can be illustrated as follows:

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH + OH⁻ -----> CH₃CH₂COO⁻ + H₂O

Initial 0.002000 0.002500 0

Change - 0.002000 -0.002000 +0.002000

Equilibrium 0 0.000500 0.002000

Base is present in excess

Number of moles of base present in excess = [ 0.002500 - 0.002000] mol

= 0.000500 mol

Total Volume = ( 20.00 + 25.00 ) mL

= 45.00 mL

= 45.00 × $\frac{1 \ L}{1000 \ mL }$

= 0.04500 L

Concentration of acid [OH⁻] = $\frac{0.0005000 \ mol}{ 0.04500 \ L }$

= 0.01111 M

Using the ionic product of water $[H_3O^+] = \frac{K \omega }{[OH^+]}$

= $\frac{1.0*10^{-14}}{0.01111}$

= $9.0*10^{-13}$ M

pH = - log $[H_3O^+}]$

pH = - log [ $9.0*10^{-13}M$ ]

pH = 12.04

Thus, the pH of the solution after the equivalence point = 12.04

4 0

3 years ago

At what temperature are the liquid and the vapour of Bromine in equilibrium (e.g. boiling point)?

irina [24]

Explanation:

Boiling point is defined as the point at which liquid state and vapor state of a substance are existing in equilibrium.

Equilibrium is defined as the state in which rate of forward and rate of backward reaction are equal to each other.

For example, $Br(l) \rightleftharpoons Br(g)$

So, when we boil bromine which is present in liquid state then at the boiling point its vapors will exist in equilibrium. And unless all the liquid state of bromine will not convert into vapors its temperature will not change.

Therefore, we can conclude that at boiling point the liquid and the vapur of Bromine are in equilibrium.

7 0

3 years ago

Lithosphere: Odd one out . Analyze each part of the rectangle. One of the parts will be different from the others. Shade the par

patriot [66]

The characteristics of the lithosphere found that the frame that is out of sequence is:

last frame: Iron

The lithosphere is the upper part of the Earth, it is composed of two parts: the crust and the upper part of the mantle, up to the ionosphere, an area of material in a plastic state.

The lithosphere is the most important part for since all the life processes on the planet occur in it, the depth of the lithosphere is greater in the continental part about 250 km than in the oceanic part 150 km, this is It is because it is floating above the stratosphere.

Let's analyze each part of the picture

1. Rigid rocks in the upper part of the mantle.

The lithosphere is the coldest part of the plant, which is why the rocks have solidified, forming a rigid layer of rocks that floats on the mantle.

2. Crust.

It is another name given the uppermost part of the lithosphere, it is formed by a solid area,

3. Tectonic plates.

The lower part of the lithosphere is on an area in a very hot platic state, therefore there is a thermal gradient between the convection current of the asthenosphere and the thermal conduction of the lithosphere, these thermal gradients create breaks or divisions in the upper layer that we call plate tectonics

4.) solid crust of the Earth

The lithosphere is by definition the solid part of the Earth, which is why it is also called solid crust, but not rigid.

5) Continents.

They are the highest parts of the lithosphere, they are above the average height of the oceanic that forms the liquid part that fills the lower spaces of the lithosphere, in general it is formed by rocks of granite composition

6) Earthquakes

The plates of the lithosphere can move between it, in some cases these plates are locked (stopped) accumulating energy at some point the rocks that form part and the plates move abruptly this movement is called an earthquake

7) Volcanoes

The lower part of the lithosphere is hotter, in some parts where the upper rock is more fragile, this heat can fragment them, which is why the molten rock called magna has an exit path towards the earth's surface, in general the fragmentation processes and rupture is accompanied by high pressures that make the surface rise in height, these structures are called volcanoes, the vast majority are near the contact zone of the tectonic plates,

8) Iron

This is a chemical element that is one of the constituents of the lithospheres, but it is not an essential part of its structure. Iron, for being a heavy element, is believed to be fundamentally in the Earth's nucleus, in the lithosphere it only forms 4.7% of its structure. This is why this box is out of sequence of the second rectangle

Consequently with the characteristics of the lithosphere found that the frame that is out of sequence is:

last frame: Iron

learn more about lithosphere here:

brainly.com/question/14631600

5 0

3 years ago

What is the name of the force exerted by blood on the walls of arteries

Digiron [165]

The name of the force exerted by blood on the wall of the arteries is blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries.

The answer is: Blood pressure.

3 0

3 years ago