<span>The question is asking us how was Islam spread through the Middle East after the death of Muhammad. Muhammad is considered by Muslims to be the last prophet, sent by Allah. He lived from 570 to 630. The Arabs were very successful of expanding in 10 years after his death. The Arab conquests started under the Umayyad caliphs. Around 640 Arabs conquered Byzantium`s provinces Syria and Egypt. After that they continued with their expansion in North Africa and the Middle East. Answer: Islam was spread through the Middle East primarly by Arab conquests.</span><span />
Answer:
A) Bright lights will keep more students awake in class than dimmer lights.
Explanation:
Professor Boredom's hypothesis in this example is that<em> bright lights will keep more students awake in class than dimmer lights</em>. In this example, Professor Boredom is blaming sleepy students on lights. Lights are the independent variable that he can manipulate to find the number of sleepy students. The number of "sleepy students after the lecture" is according to Professor Boredom, the dependent variable that responds to the independent variable the "amount of light".
