The two processes are coupled throughout the mitochondrial inner membrane that together make up oxidative phosphorylation are: Electronic transport chain and ATP synthase.
NADH and FADH2 formed during glycolysis; fatty acid and amino acid breakdown and the citric acid cycle contain high-energy electrons.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which these molecules are oxidized by transferring their electrons to O2 and the resulting energy is used in the form of ATP synthesis.
This metabolic process is formed by a set of complex enzymes, located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, which catalyze various oxidation-reduction reactions.
Oxidative phosphorylation includes two coupled mechanisms:
- Electron transport chain that the set of enzymatic complexes embedded in the mitochondrial membrane that oxidize NADH and FADH2 generating a proton gradient.
- ATP synthase that harnesses the energy of the proton gradient to produce ATP.
Both the electron transport chain and ATP synthase are embedded in the membrane, and energy is transferred from the electron transport chain to ATP synthase by the movement of protons through the membrane, in a process called chemiosmosis.
Therefore, we can conclude that oxidative phosphorylation works with two types of reactions that are coupled, the electronic transport chain that releases energy, while the other ATP synthase uses that energy to carry out its reactions.
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