Answer:
Control group: volunteer stationary bike riders in a pollution-free chamber
Experimental group: volunteer stationary bike riders in a chamber filled with air pollutants common to Los Angeles
Independent variable: exposure to air pollution
Dependent variable: The heart rates (physical fitness) of the volunteer riders.
Explanation:
In a scientific experiment, data is compared between the control group and experimental group to ascertain the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. A control group is the group in an experiment that is not treated with the independent variable i.e. the independent variable is controlled while the experimental group is the group that is treated with an independent variable.
N.B: The independent variable is the variable controlled by the experimenter in order to influence the dependent variable (measurable outcome).
In this experiment, the independent variable is the AIR POLLUTION the volunteer riders are exposed to while the dependent variable is the PHYSICAL FITNESS/ HEART RATES of the volunteer riders, which is dependent on the exposure to air pollution (independent variable).
The control group in this experiment is the volunteer riders placed in a POLLUTION-FREE CHAMBER where the independent variable cannot influence or have any effect on the measurable variable (dependent). The experimental group is the volunteer riders placed in a CHAMBER FILLED WITH AIR POLLUTANTS. The independent variable (air pollution) has been changed in the experimental group.
Becuase the cell has a lower concentration that the solution it is placed in, the solution is considered hypertonic. The cell will lose water through osmosis and will shrink, the 2nd option is correct.
Plotting a graph of the mass or volume of the product created against time allows you to determine the reaction's pace. This is depicted for two reactions on the graph. The rate of reaction is inversely proportional to the gradient of the line; that is, the steeper the line, the higher the rate of reaction
<h3>What is Rate of reaction ?</h3>
The result is a straight line with a positive gradient on a graph of reaction rate against concentration (a graph showing proportionality).
- The half-life is constant in a concentration-time graph of first order. As a result, the period of time it takes for the concentration to decrease to 50% of its initial value is constant.
- It would be considered first order if you obtained a straight line with a negative slope. If you graph the inverse of the concentration for second order
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