Answer:
1/4.
Explanation:
The autosomal dominant trait means that the trait is visible in homozygous dominant and in heterozygous condition. The X linked recessive trait will be pass down from mothers to their sons and daughters will show the trait in homozygous recessive condition only.
The man is achandroplastic dwarf ( Aa) with normal vision (XY ) is married with woman that has normal height (aa) with color blind (XhXh). They have a daughter who is dwarf ( Aa). The probability of being dwarf can be calculated by the cross Aa × aa. The offspring are Aa, Aa, aa, aa. Means 1/2 are the probability of being hetterozygous for achondroplastic . The vision probability is calculated by cross XY and XhXHh. The probability that female is heterozygous is 1/2.
So, the heterozygous probability for both trait is 1/2× 1/2 = 1/4.
Pulmonary ventilation comprises two major steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs. A respiratory cycle is one sequence of inspiration and expiration
the causes of most of them are unknown. Some birth defects are considered to be physical, while others are thought of as functional. Physical birth defects result in the malformation.
