It is called experimenter bias
experimenter bias refers to the cognitive bias that held by researchers that might cause them to subconsciously influence the outcome of the experiment.
The most likelt cause of this bias is a situation where experimenters held a certain belief or expectation for the outcome of the experiment.
The correct answer is C. She can deceive her participants as long as she reveals the true nature of the study at its conclusion.
Explanation:
If the research involves human subjects, there are different ethical principles the researcher should follow to guarantee voluntary participation and the protection of participants and information. One of these principles is to be completely honest about the purpose of the research and the way participants will be part of it.
However, if revealing the purpose of the research can affect participation and create bias in the research, as it occurs in the case presented, the researcher can deceive participants during the research and reveal the purpose or nature of the research at the end. In this way, the researcher is still following ethical principles but avoids bias from participants. Thus, in the case presented Dr. Ethridge "can deceive her participants as long as she reveals the true nature of the study at its conclusion" (Option C).
I believe the answer is: c understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan.
In social settings, developmental science research is being done by observing the change that the subjects experience if being put at a certain time of environment over time. Example of its research would be finding out whether there is a correlation between parents income with performance throughout school years.