Hag Fish and Lamprey
Vertebrates are the organism which posses a vertibral column(aka the spine or back bone structure), while the earliest had a head they lacked a spine and jaw, these jawless vertebrae lived 500-600 million years ago. they are the ancestors of bony fish which in time became amphibians and other groups of animals
Roots and leaves
The major driving force of water uptake in a large tree is transpiration.Transpiration is the process by which plants absorb water through the roots and release it as water vapor through the pores in their leaves. Once this water evaporates, a negative water vapor pressure is created or develops in the surrounding cells of the leaf. when this happens, water is pulled into the leaf from the vascular system, the xylem, to replace the water that has been transpired from the leaf.This pulling of water, or tension, that occurs in the leaf, will extend through the rest of the xylem column of the tree right into the xylem of the roots as result of the cohesive force holding the water molecules along the sides of the xylem tubing.The xylem is a continuous water column extending from the roots to the leaves.<span>Finally, the negative water pressure that occurs even to the roots will result in an increase of water uptake from the soil.</span>
Refraction is an effect that occurs when a light wave, incident at an angle away from the normal, passes a boundary from one medium into another in which there is a change in velocity of the light. Light is refracted when it crosses the interface from air into glass in which it moves more slowly. Since the light speed changes at the interface, the wavelength of the light must change, too. The wavelength decreases as the light enters the medium and the light wave changes direction. We illustrate this concept in Figure 3 by representing incident light as parallel waves with a uniform wavelength . As the light enters the glass the wavelength changes to a smaller value '. Wave "a" passes the air/glass interface and slows down before b, c, or d arrive at the interface. The break in the wave-front intersecting the interface occurs when waves "a" and "b" have entered the glass, slowed down and changed direction. At the next wave-front in the glass, all four waves are now traveling with the same velocity and wavelength
Answer:
Geological events can cause drastic changes over long periods of times
Explanation:
He used these insights and stated that Geological events can cause drastic changes over long periods of time. Such changes can cause entire species to become extinct or cause drastic evolutionary physical changes to other species. This is because the environment changes and the animals living in these environments need to adapt in order to be able to survive. Some changes such as continental drift can even move species to different parts of the world where the climate is drastically different.
Carolus Linnaeus also known as Carl von Linné
