Answer:
b) social referencing.
Explanation:
Social referencing happens as children look at certain people's facial gestures to help them find out whether to act in such a situation. It refers to the mechanism in which children use adult affective displays to control their actions against physical objects, people and circumstances. It is one of the main processes by which children learn to understand the world around them. As per the question, when Callie's mother began to laugh at the clown, Callie joined in the laughter and therefore it is an example of social referencing.
Answer:
Authoritative Parenting
Explanation:
Authoritative Parenting is a parenting style characterized by the imposition of strongly established boundaries. Although parents who adopt Authoritative Parenting provide some emotional support, this kind of parenting does not consider the learning process and the child's ability to take responsibility. It is the controlling style that ignores growth and maturity and does not rest even on what you have tried to transfer to your child.
Children in this parenting style are experts at managing appearance, behaving seemingly consistent with their parents' wishes, but at the first opportunity do not hesitate to break the rules.
I'm pretty sure that it is (Germany) :)
