Like D. Codon is the answer
Answer: c) and b) are correct.
The brain is encased in a protective bony or cartilaginous housing in craniates.
The anterior end of the nerve cord is elaborated to form a brain in craniates.
Explanation: The craniates include the chordata with well-defined heads. This includes mammals, reptiles and fishes. So we can discard the other answers. Because most craniates have functional jaws, and the adults do not lose their chordate characteristics. The last one does not apply as a specific feature because the tunicate have neural crest but are not recognized as craniata.
Centrosomes, also called microtubule organizing systems, release the microtubules that arrange the chromosomes along the metaphase plate.
Near the Golgi, there are 9,0 microtubule multiplets that produce microtubules. In order to sustain a dynamic movement process and for the centralized organization of chromosomes along the meiosis,plate, these microtubules bind to the kinetochores of chromosomes utilizing dyneins and kinesins.
During metaphase, chromosomes are organized over the metaphase plate with the help of microtubules released from complexes on various cell surfaces. Microtubules are continuously destroyed and rebuilt in a dynamic process until chromosomes are centrally organized.
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The answer is A. def- of a plant or animal) native or restricted to a certain country or area.
"a marsupial endemic to northeastern Australia"
Answer: B
WHY?
Deletion mutation may cause a shift of base sequence, causing the reading frames for base sequence to change during translation. This may affect the type of amino acid it the original base sequence codes for, resulting in a change in amino acid sequence in the polypeptide translated. Therefore, affecting the whole protein itself. There may be wrong amino acids that prevents vital bonds like disulfide bridges to form, resulting in a huge change in 3 dimensional conformation of the protein. A point mutation may result in a gene sequence being edited. However, only the target sequence is being mutated. The rest of the gene sequences are left untouched. Therefore, the impact is localised. This ensures that even though a few wrong amino acids may be in the polyleptide, most of the bonds that are crucial for the correct 3 dimensional conformation is still present, therefore, lesser defects will be resulted due to point mutation as compared to deletion mutation.
