I had to do a bit of research for this one but here is how I would explain it:
In the 17th century, religion was far more important than it is today. It was a vital part of everyday life. Dutch artists would be influenced by the church of England as their artwork, the Church argued, played a key role in guiding the faithful. Art was certainly as important as the written or spoken word - not locked behind any language barrier - and anyone could understand it. Dutch artists had to make their art persuasive: it had to move the faithful (and disbelievers) to feel the reality of Christ’s sacrifice, the suffering of the martyrs, the visions of the saints.
Answer:
11. dominant
12. leading tone
13. mediant
14. supertonic
15. tonic
Explanation:
each scale degree is one of the seven names, it does not have to be c major but just count which number in the scale the note is and refer to this diagram here for future reference.
It was discover by 18-year old Marcel Raviadt
